⚗ General Chemistry

Stoichiometry, electronic structure, redox, thermochemistry, phase equilibria, pH and electrochemistry. Theory, examples, and solved exercises.

📋 Formulario

Complete Theory

Worked Examples

Example 1Calculating ΔH∘\Delta H^\circ from formation enthalpies
Example 2Spontaneity via ΔG\Delta G

Exercises with Solutions

Exercise 1Heat at constant pressureMedium
📋 Problem to solve
How much heat is released when 4.0 g of CH₄ (M = 16 g/mol) is burned? ΔHcomb=−890 kJ/mol\Delta H_{comb} = -890\,\mathrm{kJ/mol}.
📌 Given data
m = 4.0 gM = 16 g/molΔHcomb=−890\Delta H_{comb} = -890 kJ/mol
Exercise 2Hess's lawMedium
📋 Problem to solve
Given: C+O2→CO2\mathrm{C + O_2 \to CO_2} ΔH=−393.5\Delta H = -393.5 kJ; CO+12O2→CO2\mathrm{CO + \frac12 O_2 \to CO_2} ΔH=−283.0\Delta H = -283.0 kJ. Find ΔH\Delta H for C+12O2→CO\mathrm{C + \frac12 O_2 \to CO}.
📌 Given data
C + O₂ → CO₂: −393.5 kJCO + ½O₂ → CO₂: −283.0 kJ
Exercise 3Spontaneity transition temperatureHard
📋 Problem to solve
For ΔH=+178\Delta H = +178 kJ and ΔS=+160\Delta S = +160 J/K, determine the temperature above which the reaction becomes spontaneous.
📌 Given data
ΔH=+178\Delta H = +178 kJΔS=+160\Delta S = +160 J/K
📚

Recommended Books

Introductory
Chemistry: The Central Science
Brown, LeMay, Bursten
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