🧬 Organic Chemistry
Bonds, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, alkyl halides, oxygenated compounds, acids, amines, biomolecules and polymers. Theory, examples, and solved exercises.
Complete Theory
Worked Examples
Example 1Carbon Hybridization in Methane, Ethylene, and Acetylene
Example 2Writing Lewis and Skeletal Formulas
Exercises with Solutions
Exercise 1Hybridization and geometryMedium
📋 Problem to solve
Indicate the hybridization, geometry, and bond angles for each carbon in the following molecules: (a) propane C₃H₈, (b) propene C₃H₆, (c) propyne C₃H₄.
📌 Given data
C₃H₈ (alkane, only single bonds)C₃H₆ (alkene, one double bond)C₃H₄ (alkyne, one triple bond)
Exercise 2Representation formulasMedium
📋 Problem to solve
Convert the condensed formula (CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH into a skeletal formula and a Lewis formula.
📌 Given data
(CH₃)₂CHCH₂OH (3-methyl-1-butanol)
Exercise 3Formal charge and resonanceHard
📋 Problem to solve
For the nitrite ion NO₂⁻, determine: (a) the resonance structures, (b) the formal charge on each atom, (c) the hybridization of nitrogen.
📌 Given data
NO₂⁻ (nitrite ion)
Exercise 4VSEPR geometry in organic moleculesVery Hard
📋 Problem to solve
Predict the geometry around each carbon, nitrogen, and oxygen atom in the alanine molecule (CH₃CH(NH₂)COOH), an amino acid. Indicate hybridization and angles.
📌 Given data
Alanine: CH₃—CH(NH₂)—COOH
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