🧬 Organic Chemistry
Bonds, isomerism, alkanes, alkenes, aromatics, alkyl halides, oxygenated compounds, acids, amines, biomolecules and polymers. Theory, examples, and solved exercises.
Complete Theory
Worked Examples
Example 1Nitration of Toluene
Example 2Aromaticity Check with Hückel's Rule
Exercises with Solutions
Exercise 1Structure of benzeneMedium
📋 Problem to solve
Explain why benzene has all C—C bonds of equal length (139.7 pm) despite the Kekulé formula showing alternating single and double bonds.
📌 Given data
Benzene: C₆H₆C—C bond length: 154 pm (single), 134 pm (double)
Exercise 2SEAr orientationHard
📋 Problem to solve
Predict the main product of the nitration of benzoic acid (C₆H₅—COOH).
📌 Given data
Benzoic acid: benzene with —COOH group (carboxyl)
Exercise 3Friedel-CraftsHard
📋 Problem to solve
What product is obtained from the Friedel-Crafts alkylation of benzene with 2-chloropropane in the presence of AlCl₃? Why?
📌 Given data
Benzene + CH₃CHClCH₃ (2-chloropropane) + AlCl₃
Exercise 4Orientation-guided synthesisVery Hard
📋 Problem to solve
Design the synthesis of p-bromoacetanilide starting from benzene.
📌 Given data
Target: p-bromoacetanilide (Br—C₆H₄—NHCOCH₃) starting from benzene
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